More
on Eating Disorders
Firstly,
let's define an Eating Disorder:
“a
persistent disturbance of eating or eating-related behaviour that
results in the altered consumption or absorption of food and that
significantly impairs physical health or psychosocial functioning. This
disturbance should not be secondary to any recognised general medical
disorder or any other psychiatric disorder” (Fairburn & Walsh,
1995:135).
In
other words, someone who has an eating disorder does not eat as normal
people do (that's the disturbance) and this can be relative to how
much/how little they eat, when they eat, and whether food/drink is
absorbed. There are very strict rules to be observed and sometimes
they are very complex as well. For example, the rule might be no
protein foods, no carbohydrates and no fats. That cuts out most
foods, doesn't it?
If
a person has a medical or health problem, then appetite and consumption
of food may be diminished or increased, and if there is a psychiatric
disorder, then that too may affect intake of food or drink.
So,
if there is no other medical condition and no other psychiatric
disorder, and there is disturbed eating or eating-related behaviour then
the person may be likely to have an Eating Disorder.
Without
medical and psychological interventions, Eating Disorders are
potentially life threatening in some individuals.
Anorexia
Nervosa
As
outlined in the last newsletter, Anorexia Nervosa is "a
complex emotional disorder characterised primarily by an obsession with
food, weight and thinness." (Hofland, S. & Dardis, P.,
1992:27) Persons with an Anorexic Disorder may restrict their
intake of food, over-exercise and sometimes purge as well.
What
then, is Bulimia Nervosa?
It
is defined as "a psychiatric disorder characterised by binge-eating
followed by some form or combination of purging, including laxative or
diuretic use, strenuous exercise and self-induced vomiting, to eliminate
unwanted calories." (Hofland, S. & Dardis, P., 1992:27)
1Bulimia
usually involves being caught
in an out-of-control dieting cycle. For most, this
will involve restricting food intake for some time, followed by episodes
of uncontrollable overeating
(bingeing). Then, to compensate for overeating, the person will engage
in some kind of activity to avoid weight gain, such as self-induced
vomiting (purging), use of
laxatives, diuretics, enemas, fasting, or excessive exercise. Food
intake will then be restricted again, setting the cycle back to the
beginning. Weight fluctuations around
normal weight may be evident in those with Bulimia, although there is
often no visible impact on body
weight.
2Binge-eating
Disorder
Binge-eating
disorder is similar to Bulimia but the person does not engage in purging
or other compensatory behaviours. Thus, with Binge-Eating Disorder, a
person will engage in periods of bingeing, usually following periods of
restricted eating. Binge-Eating Disorder will often lead to weight gain.
Remember,
don't self-diagnose or diagnose someone else.
Formal
diagnosis of an eating disorder should be made by a health practitioner,
based on a list of specific clinical features. It is important to
remember that although a person may not satisfy the clinical definition
of an eating disorder, they may still have an eating problem that is
both physically and emotionally damaging. Some people will engage in
behaviours characteristic of one or more eating disorders.
Eating
disorders can be overcome. Early intervention may prevent serious
problems from developing, so it is important to seek help and advice if
there are any concerns about unhealthy eating patterns, rapid weight
loss or any other warning signs; preferably before the behaviours and
beliefs associated with an eating disorder become well established.
Source1,2:
Eating Disorders Foundation of Victoria (Inc.), Information on Eating
Disorders for families, partners and friends, 2000. pp .2-3. For further
information, phone (03) 9885 0318.
Please
give me a call if you suspect that you have eating issues. The
sooner you receive treatment, the sooner this illness will relinquish
it's insidious grasp.
Call
Now to book in
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